September 20, 2020

Francisco Monteiro-Guerra, MSc; Gabriel Ruiz Signorelli, MSc; Octavio Rivera-Romero, PhD; Enrique Dorronzoro-Zubiete, PhD; Brian Caulfield, PhD

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ABSTRACT

Background: Despite growing evidence supporting the vital benefits of physical activity (PA) for breast cancer survivors, the majority do not meet the recommended levels of activity. Mobile app–based PA coaching interventions might be a feasible strategy to facilitate adherence of breast cancer survivors to the PA guidelines. To engage these individuals, PA apps need to be specifically designed based on their needs and preferences and to provide targeted support and motivation. However, more information is needed to understand how these technologies can provide individual and relevant experiences that have the ability to increase PA adherence and retain the individual’s interest in the long term.

Objective: The aim of this study is to explore insights from breast cancer survivors on motivational and personalization strategies to be used in PA coaching apps and interventions.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted, using individual semistructured interviews, with 14 breast cancer survivors. The moderator asked open-ended questions and made use of a slideshow presentation to elicit the participants’ perspectives on potential mobile app–based intervention features. Transcribed interviews were evaluated by 3 reviewers using thematic content analysis.

Results: Participants (mean age 53.3, SD 8.7 years) were White women. In total, 57% (8/14) of the participants did not adhere to the PA guidelines. In general, participants had access to and were interested in using technology. The identified themes included (1) barriers to PA, (2) psychological mediators of PA motivation, (3) needs and suggestions for reinforcing motivation support, (4) personalization aspects of the PA coaching experience, and (5) technology trustworthiness. Motivational determinants included perceived control, confidence and perceived growth, and connectedness. Participants were interested in having a straightforward app for monitoring and goal setting, which would include a prescribed activity program and schedule, and positive communication. Opinions varied in terms of social and game-like system possibilities. In addition, they expressed a desire for a highly personalized coaching experience based on as much information collected from them as possible (eg, disease stage, physical limitations, preferences) to provide individualized progress information, dynamic adjustment of the training plan, and context-aware activity suggestions (eg, based on weather and location). Participants also wanted the app to be validated or backed by professionals and were willing to share their data in exchange for a more personalized experience.

Conclusions: This work suggests the need to develop simple, guiding, encouraging, trustworthy, and personalized PA coaching apps. The findings are in line with behavioral and personalization theories and methods that can be used to inform intervention design decisions. This paper opens new possibilities for the design of personalized and motivating PA coaching app experiences for breast cancer survivors, which might ultimately facilitate the sustained adherence of these individuals to the recommended levels of activity.

August 19, 2020

Louise Brennan, Antonio Bevilacqua, Tahar Kechadi, Brian Caulfield

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Abstract

Introduction

Digital home rehabilitation systems require accurate segmentation methods to provide appropriate feedback on repetition counting and exercise technique. Current segmentation methods are not suitable for clinical use; they are not highly accurate or require multiple sensors, which creates usability problems. We propose a model for accurately segmenting inertial measurement unit data for shoulder rehabilitation exercises. This study aims to use inertial measurement unit data to train and test a machine learning segmentation model for single- and multiple-inertial measurement unit systems and to identify the optimal single-sensor location.

Methods

A focus group of specialist physiotherapists selected the exercises, which were performed by participants wearing inertial measurement units on the wrist, arm and scapula. We applied a novel machine learning based segmentation technique involving a convolutional classifier and Finite State Machine to the inertial measurement unit data. An accuracy score was calculated for each possible single- or multiple-sensor system.

Results

The wrist inertial measurement unit was chosen as the optimal single-sensor location for future system development (mean overall accuracy 0.871). Flexion and abduction based exercises mostly could be segmented with high accuracy, but scapular movement exercises had poor accuracy.

Conclusion

A wrist-worn single inertial measurement unit system can accurately segment shoulder exercise repetitions; however, accuracy varies depending on characteristics of the exercise.

August 18, 2020

Dominic O’Connor, Olive Lennon, Matilde Mora Fernandez, Gabriel Ruiz Signorelli & Brian Caulfield

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Abstract

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the functional, physiological and subjective responses to NMES exercise in cancer patients. Participants with a cancer diagnosis, currently undergoing treatment, and an had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (ECOG) of 1 and 2 were recommended to participate by their oncologist. Following a 2-week, no-NMES control period, each participant was asked to undertake a concurrent NMES exercise intervention over a 4-week period. Functional muscle strength [30 s sit-to-stand (30STS)], mobility [timed up and go (TUG)], exercise capacity [6-min walk test (6MWT)] and health related quality of life (HR-QoL) were assessed at baseline 1 (BL1), 2-week post control (BL2) and post 4-week NMES exercise intervention (POST). Physiological and subjective responses to LF-NMES were assessed during a 10-stage incremental session, recorded at BL2 and POST. Fourteen participants [mean age: 62 years (10)] completed the intervention. No adverse events were reported. 30STS (+ 2.4 reps, p = .007), and 6MWT (+ 44.3 m, p = .028) significantly improved after the intervention. No changes in TUG or HR-QoL were observed at POST. Concurrent NMES exercise may be an effective exercise intervention for augmenting physical function in participants with cancer and moderate and poor functional status. Implications for cancer survivors: By allowing participants to achieve therapeutic levels of exercise, concurrent NMES may be an effective supportive intervention in cancer rehabilitation.

July 28, 2020

Louise Brennan, Threase Kessie, Brian Caulfield

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Abstract

Background: Physiotherapy-led home rehabilitation after breast cancer surgery can protect against the development of upper limb dysfunction and other disabling consequences of surgery. A variety of barriers can limit physical rehabilitation outcomes, and patients may benefit from more support during this time. Mobile health (mHealth) systems can assist patients during rehabilitation by providing exercise support, biofeedback, and information. Before designing mHealth systems for a specific population, developers must first engage with users to understand their experiences and needs.

Objective: The aims of this study were to explore patients' rehabilitation experiences and unmet needs during home rehabilitation after breast cancer surgery and to understand their experiences of mHealth technology and the requirements they desire from an mHealth system.

Methods: This was the first stage of a user-centered design process for an mHealth system. We interviewed 10 breast cancer survivors under the two main topics of "Rehabilitation" and "Technology" and performed a thematic analysis on the interview data.

Results: Discussions regarding rehabilitation focused on the acute and long-term consequences of surgery; unmet needs and lack of support; self-driven rehabilitation; and visions for high-quality rehabilitation. Regarding technology, participants reported a lack of mHealth options for this clinical context and using non-cancer-specific applications and wearables. Participants requested an mHealth tool from a reliable source that provides exercise support.

Conclusions: There are unmet needs surrounding access to physiotherapy, information, and support during home rehabilitation after breast cancer surgery that could be addressed with an mHealth system. Breast cancer survivors are open to using an mHealth system and require that it comes from a reliable source and focuses on supporting exercise performance.

July 14, 2020

Francisco Monteiro-Guerra, MSc; Gabriel Ruiz Signorelli, MSc; Shreya Tadas, MSc; Enrique Dorronzoro Zubiete, PhD; Octavio Rivera Romero, PhD; Luis Fernandez-Luque, PhD; Brian Caulfield, PhD 

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ABSTRACT

Background: Existing evidence supports the many benefits of physical activity (PA) in breast cancer survival. However, few breast cancer survivors adhere to the recommended levels of activity. A PA coaching app that provides personalized feedback, guidance, and motivation to the user might have the potential to engage these individuals in a more active lifestyle, in line with the general recommendations. To develop a successful tool, it is important to involve the end users in the design process and to make theoretically grounded design decisions.

Objective: This study aimed to execute the design process and early prototype evaluation of a personalized PA coaching app for posttreatment breast cancer survivors. In particular, the study explored a design combining behavioral theory and tailored coaching strategies.

Methods: The design process was led by a multidisciplinary team, including technical and health professionals, and involved input from a total of 22 survivors. The process comprised 3 stages. In stage 1, the literature was reviewed and 14 patients were interviewed to understand the needs and considerations of the target population toward PA apps. In stage 2, the global use case for the tool was defined, the features were ideated and refined based on theory, and a digital interactive prototype was created. In stage 3, the prototype went through usability testing with 8 patients and was subjected to quality and behavior change potential evaluations by 2 human-computer interaction experts.

Results: The design process has led to the conceptualization of a personalized coaching app for walking activities that addresses the needs of breast cancer survivors. The main features of the tool include a training plan and schedule, adaptive goal setting, real-time feedback and motivation during walking sessions, activity status through the day, activity history, weekly summary reports, and activity challenges. The system was designed to measure users’ cadence during walking, use this measure to infer their training zone, and provide real-time coaching to control the intensity of the walking sessions. The outcomes from user testing and expert evaluation of the digital prototype were very positive, with scores from the system usability scale, mobile app rating scale, and app behavior change scale of 95 out of 100, 4.6 out of 5, and 15 out of 21, respectively.

Conclusions: Implementing a user-centered design approach for the development and early evaluation of an app brings essential considerations to tailor the solution to the user’s needs and context. In addition, informing the design on behavioral and tailored coaching theories supports the conceptualization of the PA coaching system. This is critical for optimizing the usability, acceptability, and long-term effectiveness of the tool. After successful early in-laboratory testing, the app will be developed and evaluated in a pilot study in a real-world setting.

March 15, 2020

Dominic O’Connor, Olive Lennon, Sarah Wright & Brian Caulfield

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Abstract

Purpose

Concurrent neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) involving sub-tetanic low frequency and tetanic high frequency which targets aerobic and muscular fitness is a potential alternative to conventional exercise in cancer rehabilitation. However, its safety and feasibility in patients with advanced cancer are unknown. The aim of this feasibility study was to determine safety and feasibility and evaluate changes in functional and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) outcomes in individuals with advanced cancer and poor performance status after concurrent NMES. These results should help inform the design of future studies.

Methods

Participants with advanced cancer and poor performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group scale ≥ 2) (n = 18) were recruited. The intervention included a novel NMES intervention implemented over a 4-week period. Functional exercise capacity, lower limb muscle endurance and HR-QoL were measured by 6-min walk test (6MWT), 30-s sit-to-stand (30STS) and European Organization for Research and Treatment quality of life questionnaire core-30 (EORTC QLQ C30) pre and post-intervention. Participants unable to complete the 6-min walk test completed the timed up and go test. Participant experience and the impact of the intervention on daily life were investigated through semi-structured interviews.

Results

Ten of 18 participants completed the intervention. No adverse events were reported. Seven of 8 participants improved 6MWT performance (2 of 2 improved timed up and go), 8 of 10 participants improved 30STS and 8 of 10 participants improved Global quality of life. Perceived benefits included improved mobility and muscle strength.

Conclusions

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation appears safe and feasible in advanced cancer and may improve physical and HR-QoL outcomes. Future prospective trials are warranted to confirm these findings prior to clinical implementation in an advanced cancer setting.

February 02, 2020

Dominic O'Connor, Olive Lennon, Conor Minogue, Brian Caulfield

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Abstract

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Aim: The aim of this narrative review is to explore design considerations for effective neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise prescription in cancer rehabilitation, with simultaneous consideration for fundamental principles of exercise training and the current state of the art in neuromuscular electrical stimulation technologies and application methodologies.

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Method: Narrative review.

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Results: First, we consider the key neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise design considerations, with a focus on training objectives and individual training requirements and constraints for individuals with cancer. Here, we contend that concurrent, low and high frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise, individually prescribed and progressed may be optimal for enhancing physical function. Second, we review the appropriate literature to identify the most appropriate stimulation parameters (pulse frequency, intensity, duration and duty cycle) to deliver effective neuromuscular electrical stimulation in cancer rehabilitation.

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Conclusions: We propose an informed and innovative neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise intervention design and provide practical information for clinicians and practitioners who may work with and implement neuromuscular electrical stimulation exercise in cancer.

December 27, 2019

Louise Brennan, Enrique Dorronzoro Zubiete, Brian Caulfield

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Abstract

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Digital biofeedback systems (DBSs) are used in physical rehabilitation to improve outcomes by engaging and educating patients and have the potential to support patients while doing targeted exercises during home rehabilitation. The components of feedback (mode, content, frequency and timing) can influence motor learning and engagement in various ways. The feedback design used in DBSs for targeted exercise home rehabilitation, as well as the evidence underpinning the feedback and how it is evaluated, is not clearly known. To explore these concepts, we conducted a scoping review where an electronic search of PUBMED, PEDro and ACM digital libraries was conducted from January 2000 to July 2019. The main inclusion criteria included DBSs for targeted exercises, in a home rehabilitation setting, which have been tested on a clinical population. Nineteen papers were reviewed, detailing thirteen different DBSs. Feedback was mainly visual, concurrent and descriptive, frequently providing knowledge of results. Three systems provided clear rationale for the use of feedback. Four studies conducted specific evaluations of the feedback, and seven studies evaluated feedback in a less detailed or indirect manner. Future studies should describe in detail the feedback design in DBSs and consider a robust evaluation of the feedback element of the intervention to determine its efficacy.

November 18, 2019

Francisco Miguel Monteiro-Guerra ; Octavio Rivera-Romero ; Luis Fernandez Luque ; Brian Caulfield

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Abstract:

Mobile monitoring for health and wellness is becoming more sophisticated and accurate, with an increased use of real-time personalization technologies that may improve the effectiveness of physical activity coaching systems. This study aimed to review real-time physical activity coaching applications that make use of personalization mechanisms. A scoping review, using the PRISMA-ScR checklist, was conducted on the literature published from July 2007 to July 2018. A data extraction tool was developed to analyze the systems on general characteristics, personalization, design foundations (behavior change and gamification) and evaluation methods. 28 papers describing 17 different mobile applications were included. The most used personalization concepts were Feedback (17/17), Goal Setting (15/17), User Targeting (9/17) and Inter-human Interaction (8/17), while the less commonly covered were Self-Learning (4/17), Context Awareness (3/17) and Adaptation (2/17). Few systems considered behavior change theories for design (6/17). A total of 42 instances of gamification-related elements were found across 15 systems, but only 6 explicitly mention its use. Most systems (15/17) were submitted to some type of evaluation. However, few assessed the effects of particular strategies or overall system effectiveness using randomized experimental designs (5/17). Although personalization is thought to improve user adherence in physical activity coaching applications, it is still far from reaching its full potential. We believe that future work should consider the theory and suggestions reported in prior work; leverage the needs of the target users for personalization; include behavior change foundations and explore gamification theory; and properly evaluate these systems.

November 04, 2019

O'Connor, Dominic M.Sc; Caulfield, Brian PhD; Wright, Sarah M.Sc; Lennon, Olive PhD

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Background and Purpose: 

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is associated with debilitating physical and psychosocial side effects. Voluntary exercise recommended as an adjunct therapy is often limited by physical and neurological impairments. The potential effect of aerobic and muscle-strengthening neuromuscular electrical stimulation (termed concurrent NMES) exercise (4 weeks, 2-5 times/week, 30 minutes to 1 hour) delivered to the lower limbs in patients with GBM has not been examined. This case study explores the effect of a short-term concurrent NMES intervention progressing to NMES and supervised voluntary exercise (aerobic and resistance training) over a 10-week period in a patient with GBM undergoing adjuvant treatment.

October 31, 2019

Ornela Bardhi, Daniel Sierra-Sosa, Begonya Garcia-Zapirain, Adel Elmaghraby

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October 28, 2019

Signorelli GR, Lehocki F, Mora Fernández M, O'Neill G, O'Connor D, Brennan L, Monteiro-Guerra F, Rivero-Rodriguez A, Hors-Fraile S, Munoz-Penas J, Bonjorn Dalmau M, Mota J, Oliveira RB, Mrinakova B, Putekova S, Muro N, Zambrana F, Garcia-Gomez JM

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ABSTRACT

The evidence that quality of life is a positive variable for the survival of cancer patients has prompted the interest of the health and pharmaceutical industry in considering that variable as a final clinical outcome. Sustained improvements in cancer care in recent years have resulted in increased numbers of people living with and beyond cancer, with increased attention being placed on improving quality of life for those individuals. Connected Health provides the foundations for the transformation of cancer care into a patient-centric model, focused on providing fully connected, personalized support and therapy for the unique needs of each patient. Connected Health creates an opportunity to overcome barriers to health care support among patients diagnosed with chronic conditions. This paper provides an overview of important areas for the foundations of the creation of a new Connected Health paradigm in cancer care. Here we discuss the capabilities of mobile and wearable technologies; we also discuss pervasive and persuasive strategies and device systems to provide multidisciplinary and inclusive approaches for cancer patients for mental well-being, physical activity promotion, and rehabilitation. Several examples already show that there is enthusiasm in strengthening the possibilities offered by Connected Health in persuasive and pervasive technology in cancer care. Developments harnessing the Internet of Things, personalization, patient-centered design, and artificial intelligence help to monitor and assess the health status of cancer patients. Furthermore, this paper analyses the data infrastructure ecosystem for Connected Health and its semantic interoperability with the Connected Health economy ecosystem and its associated barriers. Interoperability is essential when developing Connected Health solutions that integrate with health systems and electronic health records. Given the exponential business growth of the Connected Health economy, there is an urgent need to develop mHealth (mobile health) exponentially, making it both an attractive and challenging market. In conclusion, there is a need for user-centered and multidisciplinary standards of practice to the design, development, evaluation, and implementation of Connected Health interventions in cancer care to ensure their acceptability, practicality, feasibility, effectiveness, affordability, safety, and equity.

August 07, 2019

Elena Urizar, Massimiliano Panella, Carles Blay, Ornela Bardhi

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Abstract

Background: The implementation of Integrated Care poses many challenges at a macro, meso and micro level. This workshop aims to explore the role that a proven intervention like Integrated Care Pathways is playing in advancing cultural and organizational transformation towards integrated care.

Worldwide there are a plethora of ICPs implementation initiatives offering a great opportunity for knowledge exchange and cross-boundaries learning, but the latest studies show a high degree of variability in the implementation of ICPs.

Aims and Objectives: The Aim of this workshop is to offer the ICIC 2019 audience an opportunity to hear from the latest international advances on ICPs implementation and to reflect upon collectively.

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June 26, 2019

Bevilacqua, Antonio; Brennan, Louise; Argent, Rob; Caulfield, Brian; Kechadi, Tahar

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Abstract

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Segmenting physical movements is a key step for any accelerometry-based autonomous biofeedback system oriented to rehabilitation and physiotherapy activities. Fundamentally, this can be reduced to the detection of recurrent patterns, also called motion primitives, in longer inertial signals. Most of the solutions developed in the literature require extensive domain knowledge, or are incapable of scaling to complex motion patterns and new exercises. In this paper, we explore the capabilities of inertial measurement units for the segmentation of upper limb rehabilitation exercises. To do so, we introduce a novel segmentation technique based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Finite State Machines, called ConvFSM. ConvFSM is able to isolate motion primitives from raw streaming data, using very little domain knowledge. We also investigate different combinations of sensors, in order to identify the most effective and flexible setup that could fit a home-based rehabilitation feedback system. Experimental results are presented, based on a dataset obtained from a combination of common upper limb and lower limb exercises.

May 31, 2019

Brennan, Louise; Dorronzoro Zubiete, Enrique; Caulfield, Brian

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Abstract

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Digital biofeedback technologies are used in physical rehabilitation to improve motor learning and enhance engagement with therapies, but they are unfrequently used in breast cancer rehabilitation. Digital biofeedback interventions should be custom-made for the specific breast cancer context. The WHO ICF Core Set for Breast Cancer describes this context by itemising the biopsychosocial and environmental factors associated with breast cancer. We analysed this Core Set to identify opportunities for biofeedback intervention, and to make recommendations for successful, inclusive design of digital biofeedback interventions in breast cancer rehabilitation. Impairments of strength, joint movement and upper limb function present opportunities for the development of digital biofeedback interventions. Factors related to sensory loss, lymphoedema, chemotherapy-related cognitive dysfunction and fatigue should be considered when designing and evaluating biofeedback systems.

February 07, 2019

Dominic O’Connor, Matilde Mora Fernandez, Gabriel Signorelli, Pedro Valero, Brian Caulfield

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Abstract

PURPOSE:

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) may be a pragmatic short-term alternative to voluntary exercise to augment cancer rehabilitation. However, previous attempts to use NMES as an exercise modality in this cohort have been unsuccessful, largely due to the use of NMES protocols that were developed for other rehabilitation contexts. We assessed the effects of a personalised and progressive NMES exercise intervention, designed with early-stage cancer rehabilitation in mind, on exercise capacity, lower body functional strength and quality of life in (QoL) in patients who are currently undergoing or have recently completed treatment for cancer.

METHODS:

Ten adult patients were recruited. A personalised and progressive NMES exercise intervention was implemented in each case over a 4-8-week period. The 30-s sit-to-stand test (STS), 6-min walk test (6MWT) and EORTC QLQ C-30 were performed pre- and post-intervention. Patients completed semi-structured interviews post-intervention to explore their experiences and views on the intervention and its impact on their daily lives.

RESULTS:

Six of the 10 recruited patients completed the intervention and completed pre-and post-assessments. Four of 6 patients improved STS, 5 of 6 patients improved 6MWT and 4 of 6 patients improved Global QoL. Perceived benefits included improved muscle strength and more confidence when walking.

CONCLUSION:

A personalised and progressive NMES exercise intervention appears safe and may improve functional capacity and QoL in adults who are undergoing or have recently completed treatment for cancer. Replication of these results in a controlled prospective study is warranted prior to clinical implementation.

August 30, 2018

O'Connor D, Daly A, Mulvin C, Lennon O.

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Abstract

OBJECTIVES:

To assess the effects of a single exercise session per week for 6 weeks on quality of life (QoL), fatigue and exercise participation in male and female cancer survivors with follow-up at 6 months. A secondary aim was to identify if the timing of exercise delivery determined its effect.

METHODS:

An exploratory prospective cohort study design was implemented. Twenty-five patients undergoing or who had completed cancer treatment (11 active treatment; 14 completed treatment) undertook exercise and educational sessions (Fit for Life) 1×/week. The Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QoL C-30 (EORTC QLQ C-30) and the Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) were used to assess fatigue, QoL and exercise levels, respectively. Participants were evaluated before and after the intervention, and after 6 months.

RESULTS:

There was a significant group × time interaction for the GLTEQ at 6 months post in favour of exercising during active treatment (p=0.01). No other group × time interactions were observed across the EORTC QLQ C-30 or BFI. There was a significant main effect for time for EORTC QLQ C-30 Global with a significant increase observed between pre and 6 months post.

CONCLUSIONS:

Exercise 1×/week delivered during treatment may impact on long-term exercise participation in adult cancer survivors. This lower volume programme may improve QoL, but has minimal effect on fatigue suggesting an insufficient exercise dosage to impact this variable. This study generates interesting proof of concept results and may be helpful in the development of larger randomised controlled trials.

July 17, 2018

O'Connor D, Caulfield B, Lennon O.

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Abstract

PURPOSE:

This study aims to (1) summarise and critically evaluate the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on indices of health and quality of life (QoL) in adult cancer survivors, (2) assess the safety of NMES as a rehabilitation method in this population, and (3) identify commonly used NMES treatment parameters and describe treatment progression.

METHODS:

A systematic search of four electronic databases targeted studies evaluating the effects of NMES on physical function, aerobic fitness, muscle strength, body composition, and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) in adult cancer survivors, published through March 2018. Two reviewers independently reviewed and appraised the risk of bias of each study.

RESULTS:

Nine studies were included. Meta-analyses found that the overall pooled effect favoured NMES for improving muscle strength, but the standardised mean difference was not significant (0.36; 95% CI - 0.25, 0.96). Further meta-analyses indicated that NMES significantly improved HR-QoL (0.36; 95% CI 0.10, 0.62), with notable gains identified under the subcategories QoL Function (0.87; 95% CI 0.32, 1.42). Current NMES prescription is not standardised and NMES is prescribed to target secondary complications of treatment. Risk of bias was high for most studies.

CONCLUSIONS:

NMES use in adult cancer survivors is an emerging field and current literature is limited by studies of poor quality and a lack of adequately powered RCTs. Existing evidence suggests that NMES is safe and may be more effective than usual care for improving HR-QoL. Prescription and progression should be tailored for the individual based on functional deficits.

June 30, 2018

O'Connor D, Brennan L, Caulfield B.

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Abstract

Exercise participation and activity levels are low in many older adults, and when paired with the multi-systemic effects of ageing, such as sarcopenia and decreased cardiovascular function, can result in a loss of functional independence. Voluntary exercise may not always be feasible for these individuals, highlighting a need for alternative therapies. There is a growing body of literature that recognises the positive effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on muscle strength, muscle mass and cardiorespiratory function in older adults. However, NMES suffers from poor clinical acceptability due to multiple barriers to its use, and poor patient engagement and adherence have been noted. Technology-based supports to exercise, such as biofeedback and 'gamification', have been effectively paired with a variety of rehabilitation interventions. This suggests that these supports could be promising additions to an NMES exercise system to reduce barriers to its use and maximise clinical outcomes.

May 21, 2018

O'Connor D, Caulfield B.

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Abstract

The plethora of treatment complications associated with cancer can be offset by regular exercise participation; however, adherence to current guidelines is poor, in particular in those unable or not allowed to participate in voluntary exercise due to their underlying disease. Alternative therapies such as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) are promising although previous results in cancer survivors have been equivocal. This is likely in response to methodological issues such as inappropriate NMES prescription. Therefore, the aim of this commentary is to propose three key areas which should be addressed to increase NMES effectiveness in cancer rehabilitation; (1) NMES exercise should target both the neuromuscular and cardiovascular systems through low- and high-frequency modalities, (2) technological advancements such as mobile app-based systems should be leveraged to improve at-home monitoring of home-based NMES exercise, and (3) prescription and progression should follow the fundamental principles of exercise to overcome the heterogeneity in daily physiological, functional, and psychological factors faced by survivors. Addressing these three key areas in future studies may help improve NMES exercise effectiveness and accelerate patient rehabilitation.

January 23, 2018

Mountford N, Dorronzoro Zubiete E, Kessie T, Garcia-Zapirain B, Nuño-Solinís R, Coyle D, Munksgaard KB, Fernandez-Luque L, Rivera Romero O, Mora Fernandez M, Valero Jimenez P, Daly A, Whelan R, Caulfield B.

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Abstract

BACKGROUND:

As cancer survival rates increase, the challenge of ensuring that cancer survivors reclaim their quality of life (QoL) becomes more important. This paper outlines the research element of a research and training program that is designed to do just that.

OBJECTIVE:

Bridging sectors, disciplines, and geographies, it brings together eight PhD projects and students from across Europe to identify the underlying barriers, test different technology-enabled rehabilitative approaches, propose a model to optimize the patient pathways, and examine the business models that might underpin a sustainable approach to cancer survivor reintegration using technology.

METHODS:

The program, funded under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 722012, includes deep disciplinary PhD projects, intersectoral and international secondments, interdisciplinary plenary training schools, and virtual subject-specific education modules.

RESULTS:

The 8 students have now been recruited and are at the early stages of their projects.

CONCLUSIONS:

CATCH will provide a comprehensive training and research program by embracing all key elements-technical, social, and economic sciences-required to produce researchers and project outcomes that are capable of meeting existing and future needs in cancer rehabilitation.

December 17, 2017

Ornela Bardhi, Daniel Sierra-Sosa, Begonya Garcia-Zapirain, Adel Elmaghraby

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Abstract:

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths, estimated 696 thousand worldwide. Recent years have seen an increase of deep learning techniques and algorithms being used to detect colon polyps. In this work we address colon polyp detection using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) combined with Autoencoders. We use 3 publicly available databases namely: CVC-ColonDB, CVC-ClinicDB and ETIS-LaribPolypDB, to train the model. The results obtained in terms of accuracy are: 0.937, 0.951, 0.967 for the above-mentioned databases respectively. Due to the nature of the colon polyps, diverse shapes and characteristics, there is still place for improvements.

December 03, 2017

Rincon E, Monteiro-Guerra F, Rivera-Romero O, Dorronzoro-Zubiete E, Sanchez-Bocanegra CL, Gabarron E.

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Abstract

BACKGROUND:

Mobile phone health apps are increasingly gaining attention in oncological care as potential tools for supporting cancer patients. Although the number of publications and health apps focusing on cancer is increasing, there are still few specifically designed for the most prevalent cancers diagnosed: breast and prostate cancers. There is a need to review the effect of these apps on breast and prostate cancer patients' quality of life (QoL) and well-being.

OBJECTIVE:

The purposes of this study were to review the scientific literature on mobile phone apps targeting breast or prostate cancer patients and involving QoL and well-being (anxiety and depression symptoms) and analyze the clinical and technological characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses of these apps, as well as patients' user experience with them.

METHODS:

We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature from The Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica Database, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and MEDLINE to identify studies involving apps focused on breast and/or prostate cancer patients and QoL and/or well-being published between January 1, 2000, and July 12, 2017. Only trial studies which met the inclusion criteria were selected. The systematic review was completed with a critical analysis of the apps previously identified in the health literature research that were available from the official app stores.

RESULTS:

The systematic review of the literature yielded 3862 articles. After removal of duplicates, 3229 remained and were evaluated on the basis of title and abstract. Of these, 3211 were discarded as not meeting the inclusion criteria, and 18 records were selected for full text screening. Finally, 5 citations were included in this review, with a total of 644 patients, mean age 52.16 years. Four studies targeted breast cancer patients and 1 focused on prostate cancer patients. Four studies referred to apps that assessed QoL. Only 1 among the 5 analyzed apps was available from the official app store. In 3 studies, an app-related intervention was carried out, and 2 of them reported an improvement on QoL. The lengths of the app-related interventions varied from 4 to 12 weeks. Because 2 of the studies only tracked use of the app, no effect on QoL or well-being was found.

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite the existence of hundreds of studies involving cancer-focused mobile phone apps, there is a lack of rigorous trials regarding the QoL and/or well-being assessment in breast and/or prostate cancer patients. A strong and collective effort should be made by all health care providers to determine those cancer-focused apps that effectively represent useful, accurate, and reliable tools for cancer patients' disease management.

May 31, 2017

Brennan L, Daly A, Caulfield B.

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Abstract:

Introduction The increased prevalence of cancer survivors requires a focus on developing long-term, cost-effective management strategies to prevent and limit disability and morbidity. Background Cancer survivors with pain, weakness and restricted movement often benefit from targeted exercise programmes provided by a Physiotherapist. Physical, psychological and situational factors can impact on patients abilities to complete these exercises. In recent years, interactive biofeedback exercise systems have been shown to be effective in the rehabilitation of musculoskeletal impairments. Such a system has not yet been developed for cancer survivors. Proposal An targeted rehabilitation exercise biofeedback system for use in cancer survivors is proposed. This system aims to enhance rehabilitation outcomes using biofeedback, gamification and adherence promotion strategies. Conclusion An online targeted-exercise biofeedback system for use in cancer rehabilitation would be an innovative, beneficial development for the growing numbers of individuals surviving cancer.

May 31, 2017

Signorelli GR, Fernandez MM, Monteiro-Guerra F, Fernandez-Luque L, Caulfield B.

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Abstract:

In this study, we focused on posting frequency and quality of exercise and physical activity content in Facebook. We sought to (1) explore the frequency of exercise and physical activity topics posted on specialized Breast Cancer channels and (2) evaluate the quality of these information. Evaluations of informations quality were performed independently by two sports and exercise experts, with previous breast cancer physical activity experience, using the DISCERN instrument. Despite of almost one hundred Facebook pages about Breast Cancer, only six are explicitly dedicated to physical activity and exercise and those pages do not have a significant numbers of likes. It shows that there is no specialized and focused serious initiative on Facebook looking for improve Breast Cancer educational levels about exercise and motivating them to engage in a physical activity lifestyle. There are very few, and low quality posts about exercise and physical activity for breast cancer showing that less importance tan it need has been given to this topic.

May 31, 2017

Monteiro-Guerra F, Rivera-Romero O, Mylonopoulou V, Signorelli GR, Zambrana F, Fernandez-Luque L.

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Abstract:

Most prostate cancer survivors are confronted with disease-related and treatment-related side effects that impact their quality of life. A tool that combines specific physical activity coaching with the promotion of a healthy lifestyle and self-management guidance might be a successful method to enhance a lifestyle change in these patients. As a prerequisite for useful health technology, it is important to consider a design process centred in the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the context of the problem and the user needs to support the ideation of a low-fidelity prototype of a tool to promote a healthy lifestyle in survivors of early-stage prostate cancer survivors. A user-centred design approach was followed involving a multidisciplinary team. The prototype was developed in 3 phases. In phase 1, the context was studied with 2 systematic reviews of the state of practice and consulting with 3 specialists in Oncology, resulting in a global use case and main requirements. In phase 2, the needs and barriers of the users were studied based on literature research and validated with 3 specialists, resulting in the creation of 3 personas. In phase 3, 2 sessions were held to ideate and prioritize possible app features, based on brainstorming and selection techniques. Using the Ninja Mock and Proto.io software a low-fidelity prototype was developed, resulting in 25 interactive screens. Understanding the user needs and context seems to be essential to highlight key goals hence facilitating the bridge between ideation of the tool and the intended users tasks and experiences. The conclusion of this first stage of the design process brings valuable details (such as barriers of the users to technology and physical activity) for future iterations of design of the mobile app.